6 Common Symptoms of KCS in Dogs and Their Treatments for Quality Life

KCS (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca), or “dry eye,” is a common but often overlooked dog disorder. It is usually caused by the glands' failure to produce enough tears to smoothly lubricate the pet's eyes. 

If left untreated, the following complications may occur: discomfort, infections, and blindness. 

The good news? If diagnosed early and treated properly, the quality of life of the affected dog can rapidly improve.  

To understand the issue of KCS in dogs, you have to thoroughly read the blog, where you will learn: 

• What does KCS actually mean?
• Causes of KCS 
• Common Symptoms and Dog KCS treatment 
• How is KCS diagnosed
• Can KCS in dogs be prevented?  
• Is KCS in Dogs Contagious?  

What is KCS in Dogs?

KCS (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs) is a condition where tear glands, such as the lacrimal and third eyelid glands, produce insufficient tears. Tears are essential for lubricating the eyes and flushing out debris.  

Without enough tears, the eyes can become irritated, inflamed, and more prone to infections.

What Causes KCS in Dogs?

Several factors can contribute to KCS, including:

• Autoimmune disorders

The immune system may attack the tear glands.

• Medications

Certain drugs, such as sulfa-based antibiotics, can decrease tear production.

• Infections

Viral infections like canine distemper may damage tear glands.

• Trauma

Injuries to the eye or nearby structures can reduce tear production.

• Genetics

Some breeds, like Bulldogs, Cocker Spaniels, and Shih Tzus, are more prone to KCS.

6 Common Symptoms of KCS in Dogs

1. Dry, Red Eyes

KCS often causes redness and irritation due to the lack of eye moisture. This is an early indicator that your dog might suffer from dry eye.

Signs to Look For:

• Bloodshot or inflamed eyes.
• Slight swelling around the eyelids.
• Discomfort when blinking.
• Persistent redness that doesn’t improve.

Dog KCS Treatment:

• Use artificial tear drops to keep the eyes moist.
• Administer anti-inflammatory eye medications.
• Avoid irritants like dust and smoke.
• Regular vet check-ups to monitor improvement.

2. Thick Eye Discharge

Dogs with KCS often develop sticky yellow or green discharge, which is a response to inadequate tear production.

Signs to Look For:

• Mucus buildup around the eyes.
• Yellowish or green discharge.
• Eyes appearing crusty or sticky.
• Frequent accumulation of debris.

Treatment:

• Clean the eyes with a warm, damp cloth.
• Apply vet-prescribed antibiotic drops for infections.
• Use tear-replacement gels to hydrate.
• Maintain a hygienic environment to prevent buildup.

3. Cloudy or Dull Eyes

The cornea can lose its transparency due to irritation or chronic dryness, leading to cloudy or dull eyes.

Signs to Look For:

• Eyes appearing foggy or opaque.
• Reduced brightness or clarity of the cornea.
• Difficulty focusing on objects.
• Early signs of corneal scarring.

Treatment:

• Use tear stimulants like cyclosporine to increase natural tear production.
• Treat corneal ulcers if present with vet-recommended ointments.
• Protect eyes from harsh light or irritants.
• Consult a vet for advanced therapies if scarring occurs.

Do you have a kitten? Explore the blog on eye infections in kittens.

 

4. Excessive Blinking or Squinting

Dogs may blink or squint more than usual to relieve irritation caused by dry eyes.

Signs to Look For:

• Frequent blinking or squinting.
• Eyes remaining partially closed.
• Reluctance to open eyes fully.
• Signs of discomfort when blinking.

Treatment:

• Apply artificial tears for lubrication.
• Use vet-recommended anti-inflammatory drops.
• Reduce exposure to bright lights.
• Ensure a dust-free environment to minimize irritation.

5. Rubbing at the Eyes

Irritation and discomfort often lead to dogs rubbing their eyes with their paws or on surfaces.

Signs to Look For:

• Frequent pawing at the eyes.
• Rubbing face on furniture or carpets.
• Signs of redness around the eye area.
• Possible scratches or minor injuries.

Treatment:

• Apply soothing, vet-prescribed eye ointments.
• Use an Elizabethan collar to prevent further rubbing.
• Treat any resulting injuries promptly.
• Hydrate the eyes with artificial tear solutions.

6. Sensitivity to Light

KCS can make dogs more sensitive to light, causing discomfort in brightly lit areas.

Signs to Look For:

• Avoiding well-lit areas.
• Squinting or closing eyes in sunlight.
• Signs of discomfort outdoors.
• Reduced activity during daylight.

Treatment:

• Provide shaded or dim environments for relief.
• Use protective dog goggles if outdoors often.
• Administer tear-replacement solutions regularly.
• Consult a vet for long-term treatment strategies.

How Is KCS Diagnosed?

Since KCS is a clinical disease, it is difficult to identify in its early stages; however, clinical examination coupled with special tests could help diagnose it. 

After reviewing the dog's signs and conducting some tests to determine the rate of tear formation, the veterinarian can also outroot other possible eye problems. 

Steps in Diagnosis:

1. Clinical Examination
   • Check for redness or thick discharge.
   • Assess squinting or blinking patterns.
   • Observe cloudiness or dullness in the cornea.
   • Look for swelling or irritation around the eyes.
2. Schirmer Tear Test (STT)
   • Measures tear production levels.
   • A paper strip is placed under the eyelid.
   • Results under 15 mm indicate low tear flow.
   • Simple and quick procedure.
      
3. Fluorescein Stain Test
   • Detects corneal ulcers or scratches.
   • A safe dye highlights damage to the cornea.
   • Helps rule out other eye issues.
   • Useful for monitoring eye health.
      
4. Intraocular Pressure Test
   • Checks for pressure-related issues.
   • Helps rule out glaucoma.
   • A painless procedure with special tools.
   • Ensures accurate diagnosis.

 

Can KCS in Dogs Be Prevented?

However, the onset of KCS is not always avoidable, but frequent eye examinations and proper infection management will reduce the occurrence of such a condition. 

To minimize the impact of these signs on your dog’s daily life, you can possibly avoid the disorder:

Prevention Tips:

• Schedule regular eye check-ups with your vet.
• Treat eye infections as soon as you know to avoid complications.
• Keep your dog’s eyes clean and debris-free.
• Avoid using harmful medications without vet advice.
• Protect your dog’s eyes from dust and harsh winds.
• Monitor breeds prone to KCS for early signs.

Is KCS in Dogs Contagious?

No, KCS is not contagious. It is an individual condition caused by factors like genetics, immune system dysfunction, or trauma and does not spread to other dogs or humans.

Key Facts About KCS:

1. Caused by reduced tear production, not infection.
2. Triggered by genetics, injuries, or autoimmune issues.
3. Cannot spread between animals or people.
4. Requires individual treatment for each affected dog.

To Sum Up!

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Our platform offers top-quality KCS solutions for dogs, including gentle eye care tailored for dogs with conditions like KCS.

Additionally, we conduct RACE-approved Virtual Expos to help veterinary professionals stay current with trends and elevate their practices. 

You can ensure your dog’s comfort and long-term health with natural, vet-recommended items. Visit our marketplace today to explore our range of pet care essentials!

FAQs

What medications cause KCS in dogs?

Sulfa-based antibiotics and some anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce tear production. Always inform your vet about any medications your dog is taking.

How to diagnose KCS in dogs?

Vets perform a Schirmer Tear Test to measure tear production. If levels are below normal, your dog may have KCS.

Is KCS in dogs reversible?

While KCS is often lifelong, treatments like tear stimulants and artificial tears can significantly improve symptoms and eye health.

Is KCS Related to Kidney Disease in Dogs?

Although it does not directly affect kidney function or overall health, conditions like autoimmune disorders can affect multiple systems, including the kidneys and tear glands. 

Whatever the issue, always follow your veterinarian's suggestions to rule out any underlying conditions affecting your dogs.